Optimal Operation of PV Sources in DC Grids for Improving Technical, Economical, and Environmental Conditions by Using Vortex Search Algorithm and a Matrix Hourly Power Flow

This document presents a master–slave methodology for solving the problem of optimal operation photovoltaic (PV) distributed generators (DGs) in direct current (DC) networks. was modeled using nonlinear programming model (NLP) that considers minimization three different objective functions daily system. The first one corresponds to total operational cost system, including energy purchasing conventional and maintenance costs PV sources; second function reduction losses associated with transport network, third is related emissions CO2 by installed on DC grid. these achieved optimization approach through application Vortex Search algorithm combined matrix hourly power flow. To evaluate effectiveness robustness proposed approach, two test scenarios were used, which correspond grid-connected standalone network located regions Colombia. system emulates behavior solar resource demand city Medellín-Antioquia, an adaptation generation curves municipality Capurganá-Choco. A numerical comparison performed four methodologies reported literature: particle swarm optimization, multiverse optimizer, crow search algorithm, salp algorithm. results obtained demonstrate excellent solutions terms response quality, repeatability, processing times.